Kaudulla National Park is a prominent wildlife sanctuary in Sri Lanka’s North Central Province, primarily known for its spectacular seasonal gathering of wild Asian elephants. Established in 2002, the park spans approximately 6,900 hectares and is a vital part of the elephant migration corridor that connects several other national parks.

Elephant Gathering and Wildlife

The park’s centerpiece is the Kaudulla Reservoir (Kaudulla Tank), an ancient irrigation tank built by King Mahasen. This reservoir is the lifeline of the park, especially during the dry season, attracting large herds of elephants.

• The Main Attraction: The park is most famous for the “Elephant Gathering,” a seasonal event where large numbers of wild elephants converge on the reservoir’s banks to feed and bathe. While elephants can be seen year-round, the concentration is highest during the dry season.
• Best Time for Elephant Sightings: The peak season for elephant gatherings is generally between August and December, with the population often peaking in September and October after the main gathering at the nearby Minneriya National Park.
• Other Wildlife: In addition to the over 200 resident elephants, the park is home to 24 species of mammals, 160 species of birds, and various reptiles and fish. Other notable animals include:
  • Mammals: Sri Lankan Sloth Bear, Sri Lankan Leopard (elusive), Sambar Deer, Axis Deer, Wild Boar, and Grey Slender Loris.
  • Birds: As an Important Bird Area (IBA), it hosts species like the Spot-billed Pelican, Lesser Adjutant, Painted Stork, and Grey-headed Fish Eagle.

Safari and Visitor Information

Safaris are conducted in 4×4 safari jeeps and offer a thrilling experience to observe wildlife in their natural habitat.

• Safari Experience: Safaris typically last about 3-4 hours.
  • Afternoon Safaris (starting around 2:30 PM to 3:00 PM) are often considered the best for spotting elephants as they gather at the reservoir.
  • Morning Safaris (starting around 6:00 AM) are excellent for birdwatching and avoiding crowds.
• Location: Kaudulla National Park is located about 190 km from Colombo in the Polonnaruwa District.
• Accessibility: The park is easily accessible from towns within the Cultural Triangle, such as Habarana and Polonnaruwa, making it a convenient stop for tourists exploring the region. It is also a less crowded alternative to the more popular Minneriya National Park.
• Park Timings: The park is open daily from 6:00 AM to 6:00 PM.
• Travel Tip: Many visitors combine a safari at Kaudulla with a visit to nearby cultural sites like Sigiriya Rock Fortress and the ancient city of Polonnaruwa.