Day 1 –  Departure to Bolivia

Your bespoke Bolivian holiday commences today with your outbound flight to La Paz. As you travel across time zones, you can unwind and look forward to an extraordinary itinerary filled with salt flats, colonial history, and Andean vistas. A private transfer will be fully arranged for your arrival tomorrow, ensuring a smooth transition to your premium accommodations.

Day 2: Arrival in La Paz & Natural Acclimatisation

Welcome to Bolivia’s dramatic, high-altitude capital. Upon clearing customs at El Alto International Airport, your dedicated Earth Trip chauffeur-guide will meet you in the arrivals hall, assist with your luggage, and escort you to your premium, private vehicle.

You will be driven down into the canyon to your hotel, watching the urban landscape unfold against the backdrop of the snow-capped Mount Illimani. After a seamless check-in, the remainder of your day is intentionally left entirely at leisure. We strictly recommend taking this time to rest, enjoy a cup of traditional coca tea, and allow your body to naturally and comfortably adapt to the Andean elevation.

Your Boutique Sanctuary: Atix Hotel A sophisticated, low-capacity boutique property located in the lower-lying Zona Sur district. While landing at El Alto puts you at over 4,000m, descending to Zona Sur brings you down to approximately 3,200m, which assists beautifully with your early acclimatisation. Sleeping at this elevation is the first step in your Andean journey; it is perfectly normal to feel a little extra fatigue tonight, so we encourage a very relaxed evening before your brief flight down into the oxygen-rich Amazon lowlands in two days’ time. The hotel showcases stunning contemporary Bolivian art, native stone architecture, and features a refined rooftop lounge with panoramic mountain views.

• Transfer Time: 30 minutes in your private, climate-controlled vehicle.

Deluxe

Bolivia

Atix Hotel: Contemporary Artistry in the High Andes

Discover Atix Hotel in La Paz, a luxury design boutique sanctuary in the lower Zona Sur...

• Board Includes:
• Breakfast

Day 3 – Privately Guided La Paz Exploration & The Valley of the Moon

Your second day is dedicated to uncovering the extraordinary contrasts of La Paz alongside your expert private guide. The city’s geography is staggering, and by using a combination of your private climate-controlled vehicle and the city’s silent, modern cable car network, we maintain a gentle, comfortable pace that avoids strenuous high-altitude walking.

Today’s Private Highlights

• • Colonial Architecture & Living Culture: Begin your morning at the 16th-century San Francisco Church, a masterpiece of Baroque architecture featuring unique stone carvings that blend indigenous and European artistry. Continue through the historic lanes to Plaza Murillo, the central square framed by the grand Cathedral and the Presidential Palace.

  • The Witches’ Market (Mercado de las Brujas): Stroll through this fascinating open-air market, where local Aymara vendors offer traditional Andean herbs, remedies, and dried llama amulets used to seek health, prosperity, and protection from Pachamama (Mother Earth).

  • Mi Teleférico Cable Car: Step into a private cabin on the world’s highest cable car system. This smooth, peaceful ride glides above the sprawling canyons, offering spectacular panoramic views of the city layout and the dramatic, snow-dusted peaks of the Cordillera Real.

  • The Valley of the Moon (Valle de la Luna): Travel just south of the city centre to explore a surreal geological labyrinth. Millions of years of wind and rain have eroded the clay mountainsides into an infinite maze of pale, towering stalagmites and sharp spires that closely resemble a striking lunar landscape.

Your Boutique Sanctuary: Atix Hotel

Enjoy a second evening in the stylish comfort of the Atix Hotel. After a day of exploring, the rooftop lounge provides a wonderful, quiet setting to reflect on the day’s discoveries with views across the illuminated valleys of the Zona Sur.

• Travel Time: 45 minutes from central La Paz to the Valley of the Moon in your private vehicle.

Deluxe

Bolivia

Atix Hotel: Contemporary Artistry in the High Andes

Discover Atix Hotel in La Paz, a luxury design boutique sanctuary in the lower Zona Sur...

• Board Includes:
• Breakfast

Day 4 – The Great Transition: From the High Andes into the Amazon Basin

Today, you leave the soaring peaks of the Andes behind for a dramatic contrast in scenery, trading the thin mountain air for the lush, vibrant ecosystems of the pristine Bolivian Amazon. This transition is seamless, taking you from the world’s highest capital deep into one of the most biodiverse rainforests on Earth.

Today’s Private Highlights

• The Descent to Rurrenabaque: Your morning begins with a short, incredibly scenic flight from La Paz, gliding over the snow-capped Cordillera Real before descending into the tropical lowlands of Rurrenabaque—the welcoming gateway to the Amazon basin.

• Beni and Tuichi River Expedition: Step aboard a comfortable, motorized canoe for a captivating journey upriver. As your local captain navigates the winding waters, you will pass dramatic river canyons, dense jungle canopies, and begin spotting your first Amazonian wildlife along the riverbanks.

• Deep into Madidi National Park: Your boat journey brings you into the protected waters of Madidi, a world-renowned biodiversity hotspot. The final leg of today’s journey involves a gentle, educational walk through the primary forest, guided by a local community expert who will introduce you to the secrets of the jungle.

• Welcome to Chalalán: Arrive by late afternoon at your eco-sanctuary on the edge of a tranquil rainforest lagoon. After a warm welcome from your indigenous hosts, you can settle into your cabin and enjoy a peaceful sunset over the water as the jungle chorus begins to come alive.

Your Sustainable Sanctuary: Chalalán Ecolodge Spend the first of three nights in a beautifully hand-built wooden cabin, constructed entirely from local materials by the indigenous San José de Uchupiamonas community. This award-winning eco-lodge blends authentic cultural heritage with responsible luxury, offering a truly immersive, low-impact stay deep within the rainforest.

• Travel Time: A 40-minute domestic flight followed by a 5.5-hour scenic river journey (including a short, flat 30-minute walk to the lodge).

• Board Includes:
• Breakfast
• Lunch
• Dinner

Day 5 – Amazon Exploration & Wildlife Encounters

Today is dedicated to exploring the rich, untouched wilderness of Madidi National Park alongside your expert indigenous guides. The rainforest comes alive at different paces, and by using a combination of gentle morning treks, tranquil lake canoeing, and an exciting night walk, you will experience the full spectrum of the Amazon’s incredible biodiversity.

Today’s Private Highlights

• Primary Forest Trekking & Indigenous Lore: Begin your morning with a guided walk along the lodge’s pristine trail network. Your local guide, a member of the indigenous community, will unlock the secrets of the jungle, pointing out towering medicinal trees, identifying complex bird calls, and tracking the footprints of elusive mammals like tapirs and peccaries.

• Macaw Lookout & Canopy Vistas: Hike to a spectacular natural viewpoint overlooking the dense rainforest canopy. Here, you can observe vibrant military macaws and toucans nesting in the rock faces and soaring gracefully above the emerald treetops.

• Tranquil Lagoon Canoeing: In the late afternoon, step into a wooden canoe to glide silently across the calm waters of Lake Chalalán. This peaceful excursion offers an excellent vantage point to spot squirrel monkeys playing in the lakeside branches, hoatzin birds, and giant otters.

• Nocturnal Rainforest Expedition: As darkness falls, the Amazon transforms entirely. Equipped with a flashlight, embark on a short night walk or boat ride to witness the jungle’s nocturnal awakening. Look out for glowing tarantulas, colorful tree frogs, and the reflective eyes of black caimans patrolling the lagoon edges.

Your Sustainable Sanctuary: Chalalán Ecolodge Return to the comfort of your hand-built cabin for a second evening. Unwind on the lodge’s viewing deck, enjoying a traditional dinner prepared with fresh, locally sourced Amazonian ingredients as the nocturnal chorus plays in the background.

• Travel Time: Flexible schedule with guided excursions throughout the day departing directly from the lodge.

• Board Includes:
• Breakfast
• Lunch
• Dinner

Day 6 — Deepening Your Amazon Knowledge & Cultural Heritage

Your exploration continues with a deeper dive into the ecological wonders of Madidi National Park and the rich cultural heritage of your hosts. Today’s activities focus on the traditional uses of the forest and the incredible adaptations of its smaller inhabitants.

Today’s Private Highlight

• The Medicinal Trail & Ethnobotany: Set out on a specialized thematic walk focusing on traditional Amazonian medicine. Your guide will demonstrate how the San José de Uchupiamonas community has used local plants, barks, and leaves for centuries to heal illnesses, construct homes, and create natural handicrafts.

• Birdwatching at Dawn or Dusk: For those interested in avian life, head out during the peak hours of activity to spot some of Madidi’s 1,000+ bird species. With the help of high-powered spotting scopes, look for colourful tanagers, trogons, and the rare hoatzin bird along the lake margins.

• Traditional Craft Demonstration: Return to the lodge for an interactive session with community members. Learn about the sustainable harvesting of forest materials and see how local artisans weave beautiful, functional items from palm fronds and seeds.

• Canoe Expedition to Eslaba River: Take a longer boat excursion toward the Eslaba River, a quieter tributary where the primary forest tightly hugs the water. This secluded area offers a fantastic chance to spot larger river life and troops of capuchin and howler monkeys moving through the canopy.

Your Sustainable Sanctuary: Chalalán Ecolodge

Spend your final evening relaxing in the tranquil atmosphere of the lodge. Share stories with your guides over a farewell dinner featuring authentic local flavours, and fall asleep one last time to the natural symphony of the rainforest.

• Travel Time: Flexible schedule with morning and afternoon excursions departing directly from the lodge.

• Board Includes:
• Breakfast
• Lunch
• Dinner

Deluxe

Bolivia

Atix Hotel: Contemporary Artistry in the High Andes

Discover Atix Hotel in La Paz, a luxury design boutique sanctuary in the lower Zona Sur...

• Board Includes:
• Breakfast

• Board Includes:
• Breakfast
• Lunch
• Dinner

Day 9 — A Day of Tranquility on Sun Island

Today is yours to enjoy entirely at your own pace. With no motorized vehicles allowed on the island, the atmosphere remains incredibly peaceful, allowing you to fully connect with the natural beauty and spiritual heritage of Lake Titicaca. Whether you choose to embark on a scenic hike or simply relax with a book overlooking the deep blue waters, the day offers a perfect pause in your journey.

Today’s Flexible Options

• The Ancient Ridge Walk: For those wishing to explore, you can hike along the island’s traditional stone paths. Walking along the crest of the island rewards you with breathtaking, 360-degree views of the lake, pre-Inca agricultural terraces, and the distant, snow-capped peaks of the Cordillera Real.

• Discover Local Island Life: Stroll through the small, terraced villages to see the traditional way of life maintained by the local indigenous communities, who still farm the land using ancient methods.

• Relaxation & Lake Vistas: Simply find a quiet spot on the lodge’s garden terraces. The crisp, clean mountain air and the vast expanse of the lake create an ideal setting to read, reflect, and unwind.

Your Authentic Island Stay: Posada del Inca Eco-Lodge Enjoy a second evening at your peaceful eco-lodge. Sip a warm cup of traditional coca tea as the afternoon light shifts across the water, followed by a quiet dinner featuring fresh, locally inspired cuisine.

• Travel Time: None (flexible schedule on the island).

• Board Includes:
• Breakfast
• Lunch
• Dinner

Day 10 — Farewell to the Sacred Lake & Return to La Paz

Spend a peaceful morning soaking in the quiet serenity of Sun Island before beginning your journey back to the vibrant capital. The return trip offers a final opportunity to admire the shifting afternoon light over the Altiplano as you transition from the tranquil lake back to the energy of the city.

Today’s Private Highlights

• A Slow Morning on Sun Island: Enjoy your final hours on the island at your own pace. Have a leisurely breakfast on the terrace, take a short stroll along the ancient stone paths, or simply relax and take in the vast, glittering expanse of Lake Titicaca one last time.

• Scenic Boat Cruise to the Mainland: In the afternoon, walk down the Inca steps to the pier and board your vessel for the return cruise across the deep blue waters to the mainland, enjoying the dramatic mountain backdrops along the way.

• Afternoon Altiplano Drive: Your private driver will meet you at the dock to begin the drive back to La Paz. As you cross the high-altitude plains, watch the rural landscape give way to the spectacular sight of the city sprawling across the canyon walls below.

• Evening Settle-In: Arrive back at your hotel in the late afternoon, leaving you with a relaxing evening to rest, unpack, and dine at your leisure.

Your Boutique Sanctuary: Atix Hotel Return to the familiar luxury of the Atix Hotel in the Zona Sur. It is the perfect base to enjoy a comfortable night’s sleep and prepare for the next chapter of your Bolivian journey.

• Travel Time: A 1-hour boat cruise, followed by a 2-hour private drive to La Paz.

• Board Includes:
• Breakfast

• Board Includes:
• Breakfast

Day 12 — Walking Through History: Private Guided Exploration of Sucre

Today is dedicated to uncovering the rich colonial history and architectural beauty of Sucre. Because the historic center is highly compact and exceptionally preserved, an easy-paced walking tour alongside your expert private guide is the perfect way to explore its quiet courtyards, cobblestone streets, and magnificent viewpoints.

Today’s Private Highlights

• La Recoleta Viewpoint & Monastery: Begin your morning high above the city at the 17th-century Franciscan monastery of La Recoleta. The plaza offers a spectacular panoramic view over Sucre’s sea of terracotta roofs and whitewashed walls, set against the backdrop of the surrounding valley.

• The House of Liberty (Casa de la Libertad): Step inside one of Bolivia’s most important historic buildings. Located on the main square, this former Jesuit chapel is where the Bolivian Declaration of Independence was signed in 1825. Your guide will bring the nation’s revolutionary past to life as you view the historic archives and artifacts.

• San Lazaro & Colonial Architecture: Stroll through the quiet lanes to see San Lazaro, the oldest church in the city, dating back to 1544. Along the way, your guide will point out the unique blend of Spanish mudéjar and mestizo baroque architecture that earned the city its UNESCO World Heritage status.

• Sucre’s Vibrant Central Market: Conclude your tour with a sensory visit to the bustling Mercado Central. Your guide will lead you through the colorful aisles filled with fresh tropical fruits, traditional Andean cheeses, and local flowers, offering an authentic glimpse into modern daily life in the city.

Your Heritage Sanctuary: Parador Santa María Real Enjoy a second evening in the elegant surroundings of your colonial mansion hotel. The rest of the afternoon is yours to relax—perhaps enjoying a coffee or a glass of wine on the hotel’s rooftop terrace as the sun sets over the historic center.

• Travel Time: 3 to 4 hours of gentle walking throughout the morning, departing directly from your hotel lobby.

• Board Includes:
• Breakfast

Day 13: Journey to Potosí – The Imperial City of Silver

Today, you travel higher into the Andes to Potosí, a city that once served as the economic powerhouse of the Spanish Empire. Renowned for the vast wealth extracted from its iconic peak, Cerro Rico, Potosí stands today as a fascinating, UNESCO-listed living museum of colonial history, spectacular architecture, and profound cultural heritage.

Today’s Private Highlights

• Scenic Mountain Drive to High Altitude: A private drive takes you out of the Sucre valleys and winds up into the dramatic highlands. As you arrive in Potosí, you will reach an impressive altitude of 4,090m, where the crisp mountain air and striking colonial architecture create an unforgettable atmosphere.

• Private Guided Historical Walking Tour: Explore the historic heart of the city on foot with your expert guide. Walk past grand colonial mansions, elaborate stone doorways, and historic churches like San Lorenzo, all constructed during the height of the city’s 17th-century wealth.

• The National Mint (Casa Nacional de la Moneda): Step inside Potosí’s most famous monument. This massive, block-wide former mint is where Spain’s silver coins were struck for centuries. Your guide will lead you through its grand courtyards to view the original wooden machinery, historic coin dies, and vast art collections.

• Perspectives on Cerro Rico: Learn about the enduring legacy of the “Rich Mountain” that towers over the city. Your guide will explain the historical and social significance of the mining industry that shaped the modern world, offering a deep look into the lives of the communities that still work here today.

Earth Trip Altitude Note: Today you will ascend rapidly from the mild valleys of Sucre to over 4,090m in Potosí. Because your body adapted to lower elevations over the last few days, you may feel the altitude change. Your private vehicle is fully equipped with oxygen for your comfort, and we recommend drinking plenty of water and keeping physical exertion to a minimum during your walking tour.

Your Historic Sanctuary: Hotel Museo Cayara Spend the night nestled down in a peaceful valley just a 45-minute drive outside the city centre at a remarkably preserved 16th-century hacienda—one of the oldest in South America. Filled with colonial-era antiques, a historic library, and beautiful, tranquil gardens, its lower, sheltered elevation provides a quiet, comfortable retreat to rest and acclimate to the high altitude after your day in the city.

• Travel Time: A 3-hour private drive from Sucre to Potosí, followed by a 2-to-3-hour city tour, and a 45-minute transfer to your valley hacienda.

• Board Includes:
• Breakfast

Day 14: Journey to Uyuni – Gateway to the Great Salt Flats

Today, you venture further into the dramatic landscapes of the Bolivian Altiplano as you travel down to Uyuni with your private guide and driver. Located in the remote southwest, this region serves as the ultimate gateway to the world’s largest salt flats and the surreal, volcanic desert plains beyond.

Today’s Private Highlights

• The Descent through the Altiplano: Board your private 4×4 vehicle for a scenic journey winding down from the high peaks of Potosí. As the landscape opens up into vast, golden plains, look out for herds of wild vicuñas and llamas grazing against the backdrop of distant volcanic peaks.

• The Train Cemetery (Cementerio de Trenes): Just before arriving in Uyuni, make a fascinating stop at this hauntingly beautiful outdoor museum. Your guide will walk you through the rusted remains of 19th-century steam locomotives abandoned when the regional mining industry collapsed, offering a unique glimpse into Bolivia’s industrial past.

• An Introduction to Uyuni: Arrive in the pioneering outpost town of Uyuni. Your guide will introduce you to the local layout and help you prepare for the incredible wilderness expeditions ahead, explaining the unique geography of the salt desert you will enter tomorrow.

Your Unique Desert Sanctuary: Palacio de Sal

Spend the night at a truly extraordinary hotel built entirely out of solid salt blocks harvested directly from the nearby flats. From the walls and columns to much of the furniture, this architectural marvel combines local ingenuity with premium comfort, featuring a cosy spa, excellent dining, and views stretching out toward the edge of the great white expanse.

• Travel Time: A 3.5-hour private drive from Potosí to Uyuni, including sightseeing stops along the route.

• Board Includes:
• Breakfast

• • Day 15: Through the Siloli Desert – Volcanic Landscapes & High-Altitude Lagoons

    Today, you leave the white plains behind to venture deep into the Eduardo Avaroa National Reserve. Travelling south through the high-altitude Siloli Desert, your route reveals a wild terrain of volcanic plains, wind-sculpted rock formations, and mineral-rich lakes teeming with unique Andean wildlife.

    Today’s Private Highlights

    • The Valley of the Frogs (Valle de Sapos): Begin your morning exploring this extraordinary canyon of volcanic rock. Over millennia, intense mountain winds have eroded the massive boulders into distinctive, smooth shapes that closely resemble an army of giant stone frogs perched looking out across the desert plains.

    • The Iconic Stone Tree (Árbol de Piedra): Journey further into the heart of the Siloli Desert to witness one of Bolivia’s most photographed natural wonders. This solitary, 7-metre-high volcanic rock formation has been perfectly sculpted by wind-blown sand into the shape of a delicate, wind-swept tree.

    • The Flamingo-Filled Lagoons: Spend your afternoon exploring a succession of spectacular mineral lakes, including Cañapa, Hedionda, and Honda. Each lagoon features a unique chemical composition that colours the water in striking shades of green, white, and deep blue, serving as a vital feeding ground for thousands of pink Andean, James’s, and Chilean flamingos.

    Your Desert Sanctuary: Hotel Tayka del Desierto Spend the night at this extraordinary, eco-friendly hotel located right in the heart of the Siloli Desert at an elevation of over 4,500m. Constructed from local volcanic stone to blend seamlessly with the environment, it offers cosy, heated comfort and large viewing windows to watch the stars light up the vast desert sky.

    A Note on Comfort: Due to the extreme remoteness of the desert plateau, amenities here are comfortably rustic and simple compared to your city stays, offering an authentic, low-impact base in a wild frontier.

• Board Includes:
• Breakfast
• Lunch
• Dinner

Day 16: Geysers, Red Lagoons & The High Altiplano Refuges

Waking early, you will travel south toward the Chilean border to witness the Earth’s geothermal energy at its peak, navigating a landscape that feels entirely otherworldly. By breaking the journey here rather than rushing all the way back north, you enjoy an unhurried, comfortable pace through Bolivia’s most iconic volcanic wilderness.

Today’s Private Highlights

• The Crimson Waters of Laguna Colorada: Begin your morning at the breathtaking Red Lagoon. This shallow, high-altitude lake spans over 15,000 acres and is famous for its vibrant pink-orange hue caused by red algae and mineral sediments. In the soft morning light, thousands of rare James’s flamingos create a stunning contrast against the crimson water.

• The Steaming Field of Sol de Mañana: Travel to the highest point of your itinerary—4,850m—to explore an otherworldly geothermal field. Walking safely along the edges with your guide, you will witness bubbling mud pots, dramatic fumaroles, and geysers shooting pressurised steam into the crisp mountain air.

• The Dali Desert & Green Lagoon: Journey toward the southernmost tip of Bolivia to see the surreal rock formations of the Dali Desert—reminiscent of a surrealist painting—and the striking, turquoise-tinted waters of Laguna Verde, sitting under the shadow of the perfect cone of the Licancabur Volcano.

Your Altiplano Shelter: Hotel Jardines de Mallku Cueva

Nestled in the tiny valley of Villamar, this incredibly unique hotel is built directly into the face of a massive rock formation. Blending rustic Andean architecture with natural stone walls, it features cosy rooms equipped with essential heating and electric blankets to keep you perfectly warm, a welcoming fireplace lounge, and a hearty restaurant serving regional cuisine.

• Travel Time: A full-day 4×4 expedition of approximately 5 to 6 hours, perfectly paced with multiple sightseeing, wildlife viewing, and photography stops.

• Board Includes:
• Breakfast
• Lunch
• Dinner

Day 17: The Great Void – An Entire Day on the Uyuni Salt Flats

Today you head back north for a dedicated, uninterrupted day exploring the breathtaking interior of the Salar de Uyuni, the largest salt desert on Earth. Spanning over 4,000 square miles of pure, brilliant white, this ancient prehistoric lake bed offers an otherworldly landscape where the horizon disappears entirely, creating an incredible sense of vastness and solitude.

Today’s Private Highlights

• The Infinite White Horizon: Set out deep into the heart of the salt flats. As you leave the shoreline behind, you will be surrounded by a flawless expanse of geometric salt tiles. Your guide will find a secluded spot far from any other travellers, allowing you to experience the profound, silent majesty of this unique landscape.

• Incahuasi Island (The Island of Giant Cacti): Rise out of the sea of white onto a remarkable rocky outcrop covered in fossilised coral and hundreds of giant cacti, some growing over 30 feet tall. A gentle walk to the island’s summit rewards you with an extraordinary, 360-degree panoramic view of the endless plains.

• Playing with Perspective & A Private Salt Flat Lunch: Take advantage of the flat, featureless horizon to experiment with creative perspective photography. Afterwards, enjoy a specially arranged private picnic lunch served right in the middle of the great white expanse under the vast blue Andean sky.

• The Ultimate Sunset & Stargazing: Conclude your day at the edge of the flats to watch the sun slip below the horizon. The vast sky transforms into a canvas of deep pinks, purples, and oranges, reflecting flawlessly on the salt crust.

Your Unique Salt Sanctuary: Hotel Luna Salada Spend the night at a remarkable boutique property built almost entirely from locally harvested salt blocks. Perched on a hill overlooking the great white expanse, the hotel offers cosy rooms with underfloor heating, a relaxing fireplace lounge, and panoramic views of the salt flats under the Andean stars.

• Travel Time: A 3.5-hour drive from the south back to the salt flats, transitioning into a full-day flexible 4×4 flats expedition.

• Board Includes:
• Breakfast
• Lunch

• Board Includes:
• Breakfast

Day 19 — Departure from Bolivia

Your extraordinary South American journey comes to a close today. After checking out of your hotel, your private driver will meet you in the lobby for a comfortable transfer up to El Alto International Airport, ensuring you arrive with plenty of time to check in for your international homeward flight. As your plane lifts off and climbs above the soaring, snow-capped peaks of the Cordillera Real, you can reflect on a wealth of unforgettable memories—from the lush depths of the Amazon basin to the timeless colonial charm of Sucre and the infinite white horizons of the great salt flats.

• Travel Time: A 45-minute private airport transfer.

• Board Includes:
• Breakfast

Day 20 — Arrival Home

An elegant, welcoming final entry to wrap up the journey.

Today you touch down back home, bringing your bespoke Bolivian adventure to a formal conclusion.